Liquid%2525252525252525252525252525252525252520paraffin

# Liquid Paraffin (Mineral Oil) ## Overview Liquid paraffin is a non-digestible, high-viscosity mineral oil acting as a lubricant laxative. It works by coating the stool and intestinal mucosa to reduce water absorption and facilitate passage. ## Primary Indications * Short-term relief of occasional constipation. * Management of fecal impaction/chronic constipation (historically, though less favored due to safety concerns). ## Adult Dosing * **Oral:** 15–45 mL once daily (or in divided doses) at bedtime. * **Maximum:** Follow local formulary/institutional limit; typically limited to short-term use (usually <1 week). ## Pediatric Dosing * **Children (1–12 years):** 5–20 mL once daily as a single dose or in divided doses. * **Note:** Use with extreme caution in children due to high risk of aspiration. * **Infants:** Generally avoided due to the high risk of lipoid pneumonia. ## Dose Adjustments * **Renal/Hepatic:** No specific adjustments, but use caution in elderly or debilitated patients due to aspiration risk. ## Contraindications * **Aspiration Risk:** Patients with dysphagia, impaired cough reflex, or reflux (GERD/hiatal hernia). * **Abdominal Symptoms:** Undiagnosed abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or suspected bowel obstruction/perforation. * **Conditions:** Appendicitis, fecal impaction (if severe/hardened), or pregnancy (decreased nutrient absorption). ## Adverse Effects * **Severe:** Lipoid pneumonia (from accidental aspiration). * **Gastrointestinal:** Anal leakage, pruritus ani, and chronic use can cause impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). * **Systemic:** Potential for granulomatous reactions in the intestinal mucosa or mesenteric lymph nodes (paraffinoma) with chronic use. ## Key Drug Interactions * **Fat-Soluble Vitamins:** Prolonged use impairs the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. * **Oral Contraceptives/Stool Softeners:** May reduce their absorption; generally keep dose intervals separate. * **Docusate:** Concurrent use is generally contraindicated because the surfactant properties of docusate may increase the systemic absorption of mineral oil. ## Monitoring * Monitor for signs of aspiration. * Evaluate frequency and consistency of bowel movements. * Assess for perianal irritation. ## Clinical Pearls * **Aspiration Risk:** Never administer in the supine position; avoid use in patients with neurological impairment. * **Anal Leaking:** May cause involuntary rectal discharge, staining undergarments. * **Alternative Preference:** Polyethylene glycol (PEG) or lactulose are generally preferred for safety and efficacy in modern clinical practice. * **Local Protocol:** Specific titration schedules vary significantly by institution; strictly adhere to local nursing and pharmacy facility protocols regarding administration timing relative to meals. *** **Educational Disclaimer:** This information is for educational purposes only. Always consult the most recent institutional guidelines, the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), or the manufacturer’s package insert before prescribing or administering medication. Verify dosages for individual patient needs.